{"id":2664,"date":"2017-01-28T16:54:34","date_gmt":"2017-01-28T15:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/avaluacio-del-dolor-al-bestiar-ovi\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T17:31:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T16:31:47","slug":"avaluacio-del-dolor-al-bestiar-ovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/avaluacio-del-dolor-al-bestiar-ovi\/","title":{"rendered":"Avaluaci\u00f3 del dolor al bestiar ov\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Xavier Manteca, D\u00e9borah Temple, Eva Mainau, Pol Llonch<\/strong><\/p>\n

Descarregar PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

El dolor \u00e9s un problema de benestar important i les ovelles poden experimentar dolor com a resultat de diverses patologies, sent les lesions a les pe\u00fclles i les mastitis les m\u00e9s importants. Tamb\u00e9 s\u00f3n doloroses algunes pr\u00e0ctiques de maneig com l’amputaci\u00f3 de la cua i la castraci\u00f3, que es duen a terme a diversos pa\u00efsos. El \u00abmulesing\u00bb (\u00e9s a dir, el tall de la pell de la regi\u00f3 perineal i quarts del darrere adjacents) es realitza en corders Merino australianes per prevenir la infestaci\u00f3 per larves de mosques i s’ha demostrat que \u00e9s dolor\u00f3s. Les pr\u00e0ctiques de maneig doloroses seran abordades en una propera fitxa t\u00e8cnica sobre el tractament del dolor en ovins.<\/strong><\/p>\n

El maneig del dolor en ovins \u00e9s sovint inadequat i una de les raons que esgrimeixen els veterinaris per no administrar analg\u00e8sics a les ovelles \u00e9s la suposada dificultat per identificar i avaluar el dolor en aquesta esp\u00e8cie. Per tant, comptar amb indicadors v\u00e0lids, fiables i pr\u00e0ctics de dolor en ovins contribuir\u00e0 significativament a un millor tractament del dolor i far\u00e0 que tant els veterinaris com els productors siguin m\u00e9s conscients de la import\u00e0ncia del dolor com a problema de benestar.<\/p>\n

El dolor es pot avaluar usant indicadors de conducta i fisiol\u00f2gics. Els indicadors fisiol\u00f2gics inclouen la hiperalg\u00e8sia i la concentraci\u00f3 plasm\u00e0tica de cortisol i prote\u00efnes de fase aguda. La hiperalg\u00e8sia \u00e9s una resposta de dolor augmentada a un est\u00edmul nociu i es pot mesurar aplicant un est\u00edmul mec\u00e0nic la intensitat del qual s’augmenta gradualment fins que l’animal respon movent-se. Encara que \u00e0mpliament utilitzats en la investigaci\u00f3, els indicadors fisiol\u00f2gics que es mesuren a la sang no s\u00f3n factibles en condicions de camp i no seran discutits en aquesta fitxa t\u00e8cnica.<\/p>\n

Les eines d’avaluaci\u00f3 del dolor depenen principalment de canvis generals en el comportament, ja que s\u00f3n indicadors sensibles i no invasius del dolor. Recentment, s’ha demostrat que els canvis a l’expressi\u00f3 facial s\u00f3n molt \u00fatils. A m\u00e9s, tamb\u00e9 s’han desenvolupat sistemes de puntuaci\u00f3 per valorar la gravetat de les mastitis i les coixeses, que es compten entre les principals patologies que causen dolor al bestiar ov\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Canvis de comportament generals<\/h2>\n

Els canvis en el comportament com arrufar el llavi superior, tremolors, vocalitzaci\u00f3 i postures anormals s’han descrit en corders sotmesos a amputaci\u00f3 de la cua o castraci\u00f3. En general, les corders que pateixen dolor poden mostrar els signes seg\u00fcents:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Reducci\u00f3 de la ingesta d’aliment i de la rumia.<\/li>\n
  • Llepar-se, gratar-se o fregar-se les parts del cos afectades.<\/li>\n
  • Reluct\u00e0ncia a moure’s.<\/li>\n
  • Grinyolar les dents o arrufar els llavis.<\/li>\n
  • Interaccions socials alterades.<\/li>\n
  • Canvis a la postura per evitar moure’s o causar contacte amb una \u00e0rea corporal adolorida.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Expressions facials<\/h2>\n

    S’han desenvolupat sistemes de puntuaci\u00f3 de l’expressi\u00f3 facial per a l’avaluaci\u00f3 del dolor per a una varietat d’esp\u00e8cies, incloent-hi rosegadors de laboratori, conills i cavalls. Aquests sistemes han demostrat ser indicadors v\u00e0lids i fiables de la severitat del dolor en animals i, a m\u00e9s, requereixen un temps m\u00ednim.<\/p>\n

    Recentment, s’ha desenvolupat una escala d’expressi\u00f3 facial del dolor en ovelles (SPFES per les sigles en angl\u00e8s). L’SPFES ha demostrat que \u00e9s capa\u00e7 d’identificar les ovelles que pateixen dolor causat per mastitis o infeccions de les pe\u00fclles. La variabilitat entre observadors va ser molt baixa i es va requerir un entrenament m\u00ednim. Els autors van concloure que l’escala d’expressions facial ofereix un m\u00e8tode fiable i efica\u00e7 per avaluar el dolor a les ovelles despr\u00e9s d’un entrenament m\u00ednim\u201d.<\/p>\n

    L’SPFES inclou cinc punts, cadascun dels quals es qualifica com a 0 (no present), 1 (parcialment present) o 2 (present) (veure Figures 1 i 2):<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Contracci\u00f3 orbital, de manera que les parpelles apareixen entretancades .<\/li>\n
    • Contracci\u00f3 de la galta, que adquireix una forma m\u00e9s convexa a l’\u00e0rea del m\u00fascul masseter.<\/li>\n
    • Postura anormal de l’orella que giren ventral i caudalment.<\/li>\n
    • Perfil del llavi i la mand\u00edbula anormals, de manera que el perfil de mand\u00edbula apareix de recte a c\u00f2ncau.<\/li>\n
    • Forma de la fossa nasal i del\u00a0philtrum\u00a0<\/em>anormal: \u00e9s present una forma de \u201cV\u201d entre les obertures del nas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \"\"

      Figura 1. Vista lateral d’un cap d’ovella que mostra quatre \u00e0rees que s’utilitzen a l’Escala d’Expressi\u00f3 Facial del Dolor a Ovelles : (1) ulls -grau de contracci\u00f3 orbital-, (2) galta -grau de contracci\u00f3-, (3) orelles -postura- i (4) llavi i mand\u00edbula -perfil.<\/p><\/div>\n

      \"\"

      Figura 2. Vista frontal d’un cap d’ovella que mostra dues \u00e0rees que s’utilitzen a l’Escala d’Expressi\u00f3 Facial del Dolor a Ovelles : (1) orelles -postura i (2) fossa nasal i philtrum -forma-.<\/p><\/div>\n

      Puntuaci\u00f3 de les coixeses<\/h2>\n

      La coixesa fa refer\u00e8ncia a una anormalitat en el moviment i \u00e9s particularment evident quan l’animal es despla\u00e7a. La coixesa \u00e9s un problema freq\u00fcent a les ovelles i la majoria dels casos de coixesa estan causats per infeccions de les pe\u00fclles. La coixesa indica que les ovelles estan experimentant dolor i diversos estudis han demostrat que la coixesa causa hiperalg\u00e8sia. Les coixeses poden puntuar-se mitjan\u00e7ant una escala de 4 punts que t\u00e9 en compte la facilitat amb qu\u00e8 l’animal es mou, si el pes es recolza per igual en les quatre potes, la pres\u00e8ncia de cap\u00e7al, la longitud de la gambada i la ren\u00fancia a estar drets o a moure’s.<\/p>\n

      Puntuaci\u00f3 de les mastitis<\/h2>\n

      La mastitis \u00e9s conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de processos infecciosos que afecten la mamella de les ovelles lactants i causa dolor i hiperalg\u00e8sia. La mastitis pot ser avaluada usant una escala de 3 punts que t\u00e9 en compte la pres\u00e8ncia de lesions i bultos al braguer, aix\u00ed com si es detecta envermelliment o duresa al braguer.<\/p>\n

      \n


      \n\u00abDisposar d’uns bons indicadors de dolor al bestiar ov\u00ed contribuir\u00e0 a un millor tractament del dolor en aquesta esp\u00e8cie i far\u00e0 que els veterinaris siguin m\u00e9s conscients de la import\u00e0ncia del dolor com a problema de benestar\u00bb<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      Resum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      El maneig del dolor en ovelles \u00e9s habitualment inadequat i aix\u00f2 \u00e9s degut en part a la presumpta dificultat per identificar el dolor en aquesta esp\u00e8cie. Les eines de valoraci\u00f3 del dolor estan basades principalment en els canvis de comportament, ja que s\u00f3n indicadors de dolor sensibles i no invasius. Els canvis en l’expressi\u00f3 facial han demostrat ser molt \u00fatils per avaluar el dolor en ovelles. Tamb\u00e9 hi ha sistemes de puntuaci\u00f3 de les mastitis i les coixeses en ovelles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      El dolor \u00e9s un problema de benestar important i les ovelles poden experimentar dolor com a resultat de diverses patologies, sent les lesions a les pe\u00fclles i les mastitis les m\u00e9s importants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[118],"class_list":["post-2664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals-de-granja","tag-animals-de-granja"],"yoast_head":"\nAvaluaci\u00f3 del dolor al bestiar ov\u00ed | AWEC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El maneig del dolor en ovelles \u00e9s habitualment inadequat i aix\u00f2 \u00e9s degut en part a la presumpta dificultat per identificar el dolor en aquesta esp\u00e8cie. 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