{"id":2733,"date":"2012-10-01T05:36:04","date_gmt":"2012-10-01T04:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/requeriments-legals-sobre-benestar-animal-en-explotacions-de-porci\/"},"modified":"2024-04-06T14:37:57","modified_gmt":"2024-04-06T13:37:57","slug":"requeriments-legals-sobre-benestar-animal-en-explotacions-de-porci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/requeriments-legals-sobre-benestar-animal-en-explotacions-de-porci\/","title":{"rendered":"Requeriments legals sobre benestar animal en explotacions de porc\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eva Mainau, D\u00e9borah Temple, Xavier Manteca<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/a>
\nDescarregar PDF <\/a><\/p>\n

Els requeriments legals relacionats amb el benestar dels porcs en explotacions intensives s\u00f3n conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de l’aplicaci\u00f3 de les directives 2001\/88\/CE del 23 d’octubre del 2001 i 2001\/93\/CE del 9 de novembre del 2001 que modifiquen la directiva 91\/ 630\/CEE de 19 de novembre de 1991 relativa a les normes m\u00ednimes per a la protecci\u00f3 de porcs. Aquestes normatives es van agrupar a la Directiva 2008\/120\/CE de 18 de desembre de 2008. Els aspectes m\u00e9s destacats d’aquesta legislaci\u00f3 s\u00f3n els seg\u00fcents:<\/p>\n

Allotjament de truges gestants<\/h2>\n

A partir de l’1 de gener de 2013, les truges gestants s’han d’allotjar en grups des de les 4 setmanes despr\u00e9s de la cobrici\u00f3 fins a 1 setmana abans de la data prevista de part. El Comit\u00e8 Cient\u00edfic Veterinari (1997) va informar que alguns problemes importants de benestar com ara estereot\u00edpies, agressions sense resoldre i el conseq\u00fcent estr\u00e8s, inactivitat i infeccions del tracte urinari s\u00f3n m\u00e9s comuns en truges allotjades en g\u00e0bies que en grups.<\/p>\n

\u00abLes estereot\u00edpies com ara mossegar les barres o mastegar en buit s\u00f3n freq\u00fcents en truges gestants allotjades en g\u00e0bies, mentre que s\u00f3n menys freq\u00fcents en truges allotjades en grups.\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"

Truges gestants allotjades en grup amb un sistema d’alimentaci\u00f3 electr\u00f2nica<\/p><\/div>\n

Els animals allotjats en grup han de disposar d’una superf\u00edcie lliure per animal d’almenys 1,64 m2 en el cas de les truges de primera gestaci\u00f3 i d’almenys 2,25 m2 en el cas de les truges adultes. Quan els animals es mantinguin en grups de menys de 6 animals, la superf\u00edcie de terra lliure s’incrementar\u00e0 en un 10%. Quan els animals es mantinguin en grups de 40 individus o m\u00e9s, la superf\u00edcie de terra lliure es podr\u00e0 reduir en un 10%. Els costats dels corrals per a truges gestants hauran de fer m\u00e9s de 2,8 m. Quan les truges gestants es mantinguin en grups de menys de 6 animals, els costats del corral han de fer m\u00e9s de 2,4 m. Una part de la superf\u00edcie lliure per animal especificada anteriorment ha de ser de terre continu. Concretament, les truges de primera gestaci\u00f3 han de disposar de 0,95 m2 de s\u00f2l continu per animal i les truges adultes han de disposar d’1,3 m2 de s\u00f2l continu per animal. En tots dos casos, es reserva com a m\u00e0xim un 15% del s\u00f2l continu a les obertures d’evacuaci\u00f3. La setmana anterior al moment previst del part, les truges adultes i les truges de primera gestaci\u00f3 han de disposar de material que els permeti expressar la conducta de nidificaci\u00f3, llevat que sigui t\u00e8cnicament inviable a causa del sistema de fems l\u00edquids utilitzats. Alguns exemples de material de nidificaci\u00f3 s\u00f3n palla, fenc, fusta, serradures, compost de xampinyons, torba o una barreja dels mateixos, que no comprometi la salut dels animals.<\/p>\n

Caracter\u00edstiques de l’slatt<\/h3>\n

La legislaci\u00f3 estableix l’amplada m\u00ednima de les biguetes de l’slatt i l’espai m\u00e0xim entre aquestes biguetes per a truges, garrins (porc des del naixement al deslletament), garrins deslletats (porc no lactant de fins a 10 setmanes d’edat) i porc de producci\u00f3 (porc m\u00e9s de 10 setmanes d’edat, fins al sacrifici).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\n

Amplada m\u00ednima de la bigueta<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

\n

amplada m\u00e0xima de l’obertura <\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Truges<\/td>\n80mm <\/td>\n20mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Garrins <\/td>\n50mm <\/td>\n11mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Garrins deslletats<\/td>\n50mm <\/td>\n14mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Porcs d’engreix <\/td>\n80mm <\/td>\n18mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Amplada m\u00ednima de les biguetes i m\u00e0xima de les obertures dels engraellats en funci\u00f3 del moment de producci\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Densitats m\u00ednimes en transici\u00f3 i engreix<\/h3>\n

L’espai m\u00ednim per porc en transici\u00f3 i engreix s’especifica a la normativa en funci\u00f3 del pes viu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Pes viu (Kg)<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

\n

m 2 <\/sup><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Fins a 10 <\/td>\n0,15 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Entre 10 i 20 <\/td>\n0,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Entre 20 i 30 <\/td>\n0,30 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Entre 30 i 50 <\/td>\n0,40 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Entre 50 i 85 <\/td>\n0,55 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Entre 85 i 110 <\/td>\n0,65 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00e9s de 110 <\/td>\n1,00 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Superf\u00edcie lliure m\u00ednima per animal en transici\u00f3 i engreix<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Verros<\/h3>\n

La zona de terre lliure a disposici\u00f3 d’un verro adult haur\u00e0 de ser com a m\u00ednim de 6m2. Quan el recinte s’utilitzi per al cobriment, l’espai requerit ser\u00e0 com a m\u00ednim 10m2.<\/p>\n

La reducci\u00f3 de les puntes de les dents<\/h3>\n

La llimada o secci\u00f3 parcial de les dents, abans dels set dies de vida, no podr\u00e0 realitzar-se de forma rutin\u00e0ria, sin\u00f3 nom\u00e9s quan hi hagi proves que s’han produ\u00eft<\/p>\n

Prevenci\u00f3 de les mossegades de cues<\/h3>\n

El tall de cua \u00e9s una manera de reduir l’impacte de les mossegades de cues. El tall de cua no es podr\u00e0 fer rutin\u00e0riament, sin\u00f3 nom\u00e9s quan es pugui demostrar que, malgrat haver implementat totes les mesures preventives de la mossegada de cua, aquesta continua sent un problema a la granja. Si el tall de cua es fa despr\u00e9s del set\u00e8 dia de vida, es dur\u00e0 a terme \u00fanicament mitjan\u00e7ant una anest\u00e8sia i una analg\u00e8sia perllongada practicada per un veterinari. Un dels aspectes m\u00e9s importants en la prevenci\u00f3 de la mossegada de cua \u00e9s que els animals puguin expressar la conducta de furgar. Per tant, la legislaci\u00f3 europea estableix que tots els porcs hauran de tenir acc\u00e9s permanent a una quantitat suficient de materials que permetin unes activitats de recerca i manipulaci\u00f3 adequades.<\/p>\n

Castraci\u00f3<\/h3>\n

D’acord amb la legislaci\u00f3 vigent, la castraci\u00f3 de mascles es pot fer quir\u00fargicament i sense anest\u00e8sia ni analg\u00e8sia en garrins de fins a 7 dies de vida. A partir d’aquesta edat, la castraci\u00f3 es far\u00e0 mitjan\u00e7ant una anest\u00e8sia i una analg\u00e8sia perllongada practicada per un veterinari.<\/p>\n

Deslletament<\/h3>\n

Els garrins no es poden deslletar abans dels 28 dies de vida o dels 21 en cas de disposar d’instal\u00b7lacions adequades.<\/p>\n

Formaci\u00f3<\/h3>\n

La legislaci\u00f3 estableix que les persones responsables de la cura dels animals han de rebre formaci\u00f3 en benestar animal.<\/p>\n

Perspectives de futur<\/h3>\n

Encara que, evidentment, no podem saber amb certesa quin ser\u00e0 el contingut de les noves directives sobre benestar que apareguin en el futur, sembla raonable pensar que la legislaci\u00f3 actual no \u00e9s definitiva, sin\u00f3 que es continuar\u00e0 modificant en els propers anys, de manera que els requeriments de benestar augmentaran. Aix\u00ed, per exemple, \u00e9s molt probable que la castraci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica deixi de ser acceptada a la UE a partir de l’any 2018.<\/p>\n

\u00abLes estereot\u00edpies es defineixen com a conductes repetitives, invariables i sense funci\u00f3 aparent que indiquen una manca de benestar\u00bb<\/em><\/h3>\n

Resum<\/h3>\n\n\nEn resum, les idees seg\u00fcents s’han de tenir en compte:<\/p>\n
\n
    \n
  • A partir de l’1 de gener de 2013, les truges gestants s’han d’allotjar en grups des d’almenys les 4 setmanes despr\u00e9s del cobriment fins a 1 setmana abans de la data prevista de part.<\/li>\n
  • Tots els porcs hauran de disposar d’acc\u00e9s permanent a materials manipulables com la palla, fenc o fusta que permetin unes activitats de furgar i manipulaci\u00f3 adequades.<\/li>\n
  • \nEl tall de cua i el llimat o tall de dents no es poden fer de forma rutin\u00e0ria. Si la castraci\u00f3 o el tall de cua es fan a partir del set\u00e8 dia de vida, \u00e9s obligatori l’\u00fas d’anest\u00e8sia i analg\u00e8sia perllongada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n

    Refer\u00e8ncies<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Directiva 91\/630\/CEE de 19 de noviembre de 1991 relativa a las normas m\u00ednimas para la protecci\u00f3n de cerdos<\/li>\n
    • Directiva 2001\/88\/CE de 23 de octubre de 2001 por la que modifica la Directiva 91\/630\/CEE<\/li>\n
    • Directiva 2001\/93\/CE de 9 de noviembre de 2001 por la que se modifica la Directiva 91\/630\/CEE<\/li>\n
    • Directiva 2008\/120\/CE de 18 de diciembre de 2008 relativa a las normas m\u00ednimas para la protecci\u00f3n de cerdos (versi\u00f3n codificada).<\/li>\n
    • Fraser AF and Broom DM 1990 Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare, 3era Edici\u00f3n, Wallingford: CAB International.<\/li>\n
    • \nComit\u00e9 Cient\u00edfico Veterinario de 30 de setiembre de 1997. The welfare of intensively kept pigs. En: Report of the Scientific Veterinary Committee, Animal Welfare Section, to the Commission of the European Union. Doc. XXIV\/ScVc\/0005\/1997.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Els requeriments legals relacionats amb el benestar dels porcs en explotacions intensives s\u00f3n conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de l’aplicaci\u00f3 de les directives 2001\/88\/CE del 23 d’octubre del 2001 i 2001\/93\/CE del 9 de novembre del 2001 que modifiquen la directiva 91\/ 630\/CEE de 19 de novembre de 1991 relativa a les normes m\u00ednimes per a la protecci\u00f3 de porcs. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[118],"class_list":["post-2733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals-de-granja","tag-animals-de-granja"],"yoast_head":"\nRequeriments legals sobre benestar animal en explotacions de porc\u00ed - Awec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/requeriments-legals-sobre-benestar-animal-en-explotacions-de-porci\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Requeriments legals sobre benestar animal en explotacions de porc\u00ed - 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