{"id":2779,"date":"2013-04-01T14:49:18","date_gmt":"2013-04-01T13:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/"},"modified":"2024-04-06T14:37:57","modified_gmt":"2024-04-06T13:37:57","slug":"estres-en-animals-de-granja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/","title":{"rendered":"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00e9borah Temple, Eva Mainau, Xavier Manteca<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/a>
\nDescarregar fitxa t\u00e8cnica en PDF <\/a><\/p>\n

El terme \u00abestr\u00e8s\u00bb s’ha utilitzat \u00e0mpliament en biologia per descriure un conjunt de canvis fisiol\u00f2gics i de conducta desencadenats per un est\u00edmul aversiu. El 1929, Cannon va descriure l’estr\u00e8s com l’intent del sistema simp\u00e0tic adrenomedular (SAM) de regular l’home\u00f2stasi quan l’animal s’enfronta a un est\u00edmul aversiu. M\u00e9s endavant, Selye va realitzar un dels seus estudis cl\u00e0ssics sobre la resposta de l’eix hipot\u00e0lem-hip\u00f2fisi-adrenal (HHA) davant d’est\u00edmuls nocius i va suggerir que l’organisme reacciona de manera inespec\u00edfica davant d’una \u00e0mplia varietat d’est\u00edmuls aversius, principalment amb un augment en l’activitat de l’eix HHA.<\/p>\n

Vies implicades en la resposta fisiol\u00f2gica de l’estr\u00e8s<\/h3>\n

Tant l’eix HHA com el sistema SAM es consideren, de manera general, els dos elements fonamentals de la resposta d’estr\u00e8s i la concentraci\u00f3 plasm\u00e0tica de glucocorticoides s’ha utilitzat molt sovint com a mesura d’estr\u00e8s. El problema amb aquest enfocament \u00e9s que l’eix HHA i el sistema SAM tenen una funci\u00f3 crucial en la mobilitzaci\u00f3 d’energia i en la redistribuci\u00f3 de nutrients cap als teixits actius. Tant les situacions aversives (ex. baralles) com les que s\u00f3n gratificants (ex. reproducci\u00f3 i aparellament) poden provocar una resposta fisiol\u00f2gica d’estr\u00e8s similar. Per tant, si l’estr\u00e8s es considera potencialment negatiu, pot ser engany\u00f3s considerar-lo com a sin\u00f2nim de l’activaci\u00f3 de l’eix HHA.<\/p>\n

D’altra banda, actualment hi ha prou evid\u00e8ncies que demostren que les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies negatives que un est\u00edmul aversiu t\u00e9 per a l’animal no depenen de la naturalesa f\u00edsica del dit est\u00edmul, sin\u00f3 m\u00e9s aviat de la mesura que l’animal el pot preveure i controlar. Per tant, s’ha suggerit que el terme \u00abestr\u00e8s\u00bb hauria d’usar-se nom\u00e9s en les situacions en qu\u00e8 la situaci\u00f3 a qu\u00e8 s’enfronta l’animal excedeix la capacitat de regulaci\u00f3 de l’organisme, especialment quan aquesta situaci\u00f3 implica un cert grau d’imprevisibilitat i falta de control.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s recentment, la investigaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica sobre l’estr\u00e8s ha abordat el paper del cervell a la resposta d’estr\u00e8s. Diverses \u00e0rees del cervell estan involucrades en l’organitzaci\u00f3 de les respostes a est\u00edmuls aversius o amena\u00e7adors, i aquestes \u00e0rees interactuen \u00e0mpliament entre si. Les neurones hipotal\u00e0miques, per exemple, s\u00f3n sensibles a est\u00edmuls interns fisicoqu\u00edmics, est\u00edmuls externs f\u00edsics i est\u00edmuls psicosocials. La resposta d’estr\u00e8s est\u00e0 mediada en gran mesura pel factor alliberador de corticotropina (CRF), secretat principalment pel nucli paraventricular de l’hipot\u00e0lem.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Factors estressants<\/h3>\n

Els factors d’estr\u00e8s es poden dividir en factors f\u00edsics, socials (resultants de les interaccions amb els individus de la mateixa esp\u00e8cie) i relacionats amb el maneig. Els factors d’estr\u00e8s tenen un efecte additiu. Aix\u00f2 significa que quan diversos factors estressants incideixen sobre l’animal alhora, la resposta d’estr\u00e8s resultant ser\u00e0 m\u00e9s gran que si l’animal fos exposat a un sol factor estressant. Per tant, situacions com el deslletament i el transport poden ser especialment dif\u00edcils per als animals.<\/p>\n

Com pot afectar l’estr\u00e8s al rendiment productiu?<\/h3>\n

La resposta d’estr\u00e8s inclou diversos canvis que poden tindre efectes negatius sobre el rendiment dels animals de granja. Aquests efectes inclouen els canvis en la funci\u00f3 immune i l’augment conseq\u00fcent de la susceptibilitat a les malalties, la disminuci\u00f3 de la ingesta d’aliment i de la rumia, la inhibici\u00f3 de l’alliberament d’oxitocina i la reducci\u00f3 de la fertilitat, entre d’altres. En aquesta fitxa t\u00e8cnica s’abordar\u00e0 l’efecte de l’estr\u00e8s sobre la susceptibilitat a les malalties, la ingesta d’aliment i la rumia.<\/p>\n

Funci\u00f3 immune i susceptibilitat a les malalties<\/h3>\n

L’estr\u00e8s pot inhibir la funci\u00f3 immune. Tot i aix\u00f2, els mecanismes responsables de l’efecte de l’estr\u00e8s cr\u00f2nic sobre el sistema immune s\u00f3n molt espec\u00edfics, i nom\u00e9s alguns tipus de defensa contra les malalties es veuen afectats. Quan la resposta d’estr\u00e8s implica l’alliberament de glucocorticoides o catecolamines, la resposta immune cel\u00b7lular \u00e9s inhibida. A la pr\u00e0ctica, aix\u00f2 significa que algunes patologies s\u00f3n m\u00e9s susceptibles de ser potenciades per l’estr\u00e8s cr\u00f2nic que d’altres. Entre aquestes patologies s’inclouen les malalties respirat\u00f2ries infeccioses i la infecci\u00f3 per Salmonella sp. S’ha demostrat, per exemple, que l’estr\u00e8s durant el transport augmenta la incid\u00e8ncia de pneum\u00f2nia causada per l’herpes virus bov\u00ed tipus-1 en vedells, la pneum\u00f2nia causada per Pasteurella sp. i la conseg\u00fcent mortalitat en vedells i ovins, i la samonellosi en ovins i cavalls.<\/p>\n

La susceptibilitat a altres malalties tamb\u00e9 pot augmentar com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de situacions potencialment estressants. Per exemple, diversos estudis han demostrat un augment en la prevalen\u00e7a de mastitis en vaques lleteres com a resultat de la por cr\u00f2nica. Encara que no es coneix el mecanisme prec\u00eds que explica aquest efecte, s’ha suggerit que la funci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules NKC (\u201cnatural killer cells<\/em>\u201d) podria veure’s afectada per l’estr\u00e8s i aix\u00f2 podria conduir a un augment de la susceptibilitat de la gl\u00e0ndula mam\u00e0ria a agents infecciosos.<\/p>\n

Igualment, se sap que l’estr\u00e8s durant el deslletament augmenta el risc de malalties digestives a diverses esp\u00e8cies.<\/p>\n

Consum d’aliment i rumia<\/h3>\n

L’efecte negatiu de l’estr\u00e8s sobre el consum d’aliment ha estat reconegut malgrat que els canvis precisos involucrats s\u00f3n encara objecte de debat. \u00c9s probable, per\u00f2, que l’efecte inhibidor de l’estr\u00e8s sobre la gana sigui conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d’una interacci\u00f3 complexa entre els glucocorticoides, la leptina i el CRF.<\/p>\n

Hi ha certa evid\u00e8ncia que suggereix que l’estr\u00e8s pot tenir un efecte inhibidor sobre la rumia i aix\u00f2 pot reduir la digestibilitat dels aliments i conseq\u00fcentment el rendiment productiu, augmentant tamb\u00e9 el risc d’acidosi ruminal. El mecanisme prec\u00eds subjacent dels efectes de l’estr\u00e8s sobre la rumia no es coneix, per\u00f2 \u00e9s interessant destacar que l’activitat del cervell durant la rumia \u00e9s similar a la del son i se sap que l’estr\u00e8s pot dificultar el son.<\/p>\n

Resum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Els dos elements principals de la resposta d’estr\u00e8s s\u00f3n l’eix HPA i el sistema SAM, i tant els nivells plasm\u00e0tics de glucocorticoides com els canvis de conducta han estat utilitzats com a mesures d’estr\u00e8s. L’estr\u00e8s sorgeix quan les demandes ambientals excedeixen la capacitat d’adaptaci\u00f3 de l’organisme, sobretot quan l’animal percep una situaci\u00f3 determinada com a impredictible i poc controlable. Els factors d’estr\u00e8s tenen car\u00e0cter additiu i, per tant, el deslletament i el transport s\u00f3n susceptibles de provocar una resposta intensa d’estr\u00e8s en els animals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

Refer\u00e8ncies<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Cannon WB 1929 Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage: an account of recent researches into the function of emotional excitement. Appleton, New York.<\/li>\n
  • Selye H 1936 A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature 138: 32-33.<\/li>\n
  • Broom DM and Johnson KG 1993. Stress and Animal Welfare. Chapman & Hall, London.<\/li>\n
  • Koolhaas JM, Bartolomucci A, Buwalda B, de Boer SF, Fl\u00fcgge G, Korte SM, Meerlo P, Murison R, Olivier B, Palanza P, Richter-Levin G, Sgoifo A, Steimer T, Stiedl O, van Dijk G, W\u00f6hr M, Fuchs E 2011 Stress revisited: A critical evaluation of the stress concept. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 35, 1291-1301.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    El terme \u00abestr\u00e8s\u00bb s’ha utilitzat \u00e0mpliament en biologia per descriure un conjunt de canvis fisiol\u00f2gics i de conducta desencadenats per un est\u00edmul aversiu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1558,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[118],"class_list":["post-2779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals-de-granja","tag-animals-de-granja"],"yoast_head":"\nEstr\u00e8s en animals de granja - Awec<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja - Awec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El terme "estr\u00e8s" s'ha utilitzat \u00e0mpliament en biologia per descriure un conjunt de canvis fisiol\u00f2gics i de conducta desencadenats per un est\u00edmul aversiu.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Awec\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-04-01T13:49:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-06T13:37:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"382\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dani Cirac\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dani Cirac\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dani Cirac\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/543bad0292186cc5aea91495c111482c\"},\"headline\":\"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-04-01T13:49:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-06T13:37:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/\"},\"wordCount\":1301,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Animals de granja\"],\"articleSection\":[\"animals de granja\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/\",\"name\":\"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja - Awec\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-04-01T13:49:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-06T13:37:57+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":382},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Inicio\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/inici\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"animals de granja\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/categoria\/animals-de-granja\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/\",\"name\":\"AWEC\",\"description\":\"Animal Welfare education centre\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#organization\",\"name\":\"AWEC Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Bienestar Animal\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/AWEC_Logo@2x.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/AWEC_Logo@2x.png\",\"width\":1201,\"height\":182,\"caption\":\"AWEC Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Bienestar Animal\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/543bad0292186cc5aea91495c111482c\",\"name\":\"Dani Cirac\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/348961c452211caaf30d4d048c52c28aaee02cdd920f12499f00dbc32a0335a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/348961c452211caaf30d4d048c52c28aaee02cdd920f12499f00dbc32a0335a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dani Cirac\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja - Awec","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja - Awec","og_description":"El terme \"estr\u00e8s\" s'ha utilitzat \u00e0mpliament en biologia per descriure un conjunt de canvis fisiol\u00f2gics i de conducta desencadenats per un est\u00edmul aversiu.","og_url":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/","og_site_name":"Awec","article_published_time":"2013-04-01T13:49:18+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-04-06T13:37:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":382,"url":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dani Cirac","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrit per":"Dani Cirac","Temps estimat de lectura":"6 minuts"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/"},"author":{"name":"Dani Cirac","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/543bad0292186cc5aea91495c111482c"},"headline":"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja","datePublished":"2013-04-01T13:49:18+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-06T13:37:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/"},"wordCount":1301,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg","keywords":["Animals de granja"],"articleSection":["animals de granja"],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/","url":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/","name":"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja - Awec","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg","datePublished":"2013-04-01T13:49:18+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-06T13:37:57+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ca","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Estres-animales-granja.jpg","width":500,"height":382},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/animals-de-granja\/estres-en-animals-de-granja\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Inicio","item":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/inici\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"animals de granja","item":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/categoria\/animals-de-granja\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Estr\u00e8s en animals de granja"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#website","url":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/","name":"AWEC","description":"Animal Welfare education centre","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ca"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#organization","name":"AWEC Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Bienestar Animal","url":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/AWEC_Logo@2x.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/AWEC_Logo@2x.png","width":1201,"height":182,"caption":"AWEC Centro de Educaci\u00f3n en Bienestar Animal"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/543bad0292186cc5aea91495c111482c","name":"Dani Cirac","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ca","@id":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/348961c452211caaf30d4d048c52c28aaee02cdd920f12499f00dbc32a0335a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/348961c452211caaf30d4d048c52c28aaee02cdd920f12499f00dbc32a0335a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dani Cirac"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2779"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2782,"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2779\/revisions\/2782"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/awecadvisors.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}